Infection and Drug Resistance (May 2024)
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens in Wad Medani, Sudan: A Three Years, Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Yousif B Hamadalneel,1 Hifa O Ahmed,1 Marwa F Alamin,2 Walaa M Almahy,3 Zainab M Almustafa,3 Yousif M Yousif,3 Mohammed A Taha4 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan; 2Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan; 3Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Wad Medani College for Science and Technology, Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan; 4Pathology Center for Diagnosis and Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, SudanCorrespondence: Yousif B Hamadalneel, Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan, Tel +249918026087, Email [email protected]: Urinary tract infections exert a significant negative impact on an individual’s quality of life and cause significant economic and public health burdens. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the common bacterial uropathogens associated with urinary tract infections in Wad Medani patients and their susceptibility to antibiotics.Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. All urine samples were collected from patients at Wad Medani and investigated at the Pathology Center for Diagnosis and Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan, from the 1st of January 2021 to the 15th of October 2023.Results: A total of 2698 urine samples were analyzed during the three years study period, with a mean age of 45.29 ± 18.9 years. Among these patients, 1108 (41.8%) were positive for bacterial growth, and 888 (80.14%) were female. A total of 522 (47.1%) were gram positive bacteria (GPB), and 586 (52.9%) were gram negative bacteria (GNB). The most frequently isolated bacteria were S. aureus 42% (465/1108) and E. coli 38.5% (427/1108), while P. aeruginosa was less detected 3.4% (38/1108). Amikacin 91.5% was the most sensitive drug to isolated GPB, while cotrimoxazole 20.9% was the least sensitive drug. In particular, amikacin 94.1% (144/153) was the most sensitive drug to S. aureus, while cotrimoxazole 20.7% (80/386) was the least sensitive drug. Moreover, amikacin 91.5% was the most sensitive drug to the isolated GNB, while ampicillin 5.7% was the least sensitive drug. Notably, amikacin was the most sensitive drug to all the isolated GNB, and ampicillin was the least sensitive drug to all the isolated GNB.Conclusion: This study reported a moderate uropathogen isolation rate of 41.8%. S. aureus and E. coli were the most frequently isolated bacteria, most of which were from female patients. Remarkably, amikacin was the most sensitive drug to isolated GNB and GPB.Keywords: prevalence, antimicrobial, sensitivity patterns, uropathogens, Wad Medani, Sudan
