Universidad Médica Pinareña (Dec 2022)
Characterization at the debut of type 1 diabetic children in Pinar del Río, 1980-2018
Abstract
Introduction: diabetes mellitus is an important public health problem and constitutes one of the priorities of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: to clinically and epidemiologically characterize the type 1 diabetic population with onset before the age of 15 years. Methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus under 15 years old in Pinar del Río province from January 1st, 1980 to December 31, 2019. The universe was constituted by 294 patients. The data were obtained from the medical records. For the analysis of the information the Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical system was used, univariate analysis of descriptive character was applied, descriptive statistics such as the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies were used. The non-parametric Chi-square test was applied with a significance level of 95 % (p<0,05). Results: female sex and age group 10-14 years predominated, as age increased there was an increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus with debut in ketosis, over the years the frequency of early stage diagnosis increased with a decrease in the more severe forms of presentation, associations that showed statistical significance. Conclusions: there is a progressive tendency to increase the number of cases with type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood with predominance in puberty. Ketoacidosis predominates as a form of presentation in younger children and clinical symptoms in older children.
