Volatile Compositions of <i>Panax ginseng</i> and <i>Panax quinquifolium</i> Grown for Different Cultivation Years
Yejin Kim,
Jung-Woo Lee,
Ick-Hyun Jo,
Nayeong Kwon,
Donghwi Kim,
Jong-Wook Chung,
Kyong-Hwan Bang,
Jeehye Sung
Affiliations
Yejin Kim
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
Jung-Woo Lee
Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
Ick-Hyun Jo
Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
Nayeong Kwon
Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
Donghwi Kim
Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
Jong-Wook Chung
Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
Kyong-Hwan Bang
Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
Jeehye Sung
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
The present study examined the volatile profiles of Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) and Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) grown for different cultivation years by using HS-SPME/GC-MS and determined the key discriminant volatile compounds by chemometric analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). Fifty-six compounds, including forty terpenes, eight alcohols, one alkane, one ketone, and one furan, were identified in the ginseng roots. The chemometric results identified two major clusters of American ginseng and Korean ginseng cultivars with distinct volatile compositions. The volatile compounds in fresh white ginseng roots were affected by the species, but the influence of different cultivation ages was ambiguous. The major volatile components of ginseng roots are terpenes, including monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. In particular, panaginsene, ginsinsene, α-isocomene, and caryophyllene were predominant in Korean ginseng cultivars, whereas β-farnesene levels were higher in American ginseng. The difference in volatile patterns between Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium could be attributed to the composition of sesquiterpenes such as β-panaginsene, ginsinsene, caryophyllene, and β-farnesene.