Chronic toxicity of six pesticides mixture traces on biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters of liver and kidney in female Wistar rats

Abstract

Introduction. The modern world uses several toxic chemicals, among them, pesticides which present a potential risk to humans when they are exposed to many pesticides at the same time through diet. Objective. The present study aimed to eva-luate the toxic effect of six pesticides mixture on liver hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters, in rats. Material and methods. Female Wistar rats, aged two months and weighed 150±5 g, were divided into three groups of ten rats. Pesticides mixture (Chloroperiphos-methyl, Deltamethrin, Methidathion, Cypermethrin, Acetami-prid, and Abamectin), at Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI and ADI×2), was administered orally for 7 months. Results. Pesticides mixture at ADI exposed rats exhibited severe damage in liver and kidney structure and function. At dose of ADI×2, more severe effects, with notable changes and damage, were observed in liver and kidney histology by several forms of inflammation, denaturation, and necrosis of cells and tissues. This showed direct impact on functioning and metabolism of these organs by significant changes in biochemical and haematological parameters (total cholesterol, total proteins, aspartate-aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamiltransferase, total bilirubin, potassium, iron, urea, creatinine, uric acid, hemoglo-bin and hematocrit). Conclusion. The six pesticides mixture is toxic at ADI×2, and even at ADI that represents security dose of one pesticide. However, in a mixture, this dose causes deleterious effects on liver and kidney structure and function in rats.

Keywords

• pesticides
• toxicity
• biochemistry
• histopathology
• liver
• kidney
• rat