The Symmetry and Topology of Finite and Periodic Graphs and Their Embeddings in Three-Dimensional Euclidean Space

Abstract

We make the case for the universal use of the Hermann-Mauguin (international) notation for the description of rigid-body symmetries in Euclidean space. We emphasize the importance of distinguishing between graphs and their embeddings and provide examples of 0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-periodic structures. Embeddings of graphs are given as piecewise linear with finite, non-intersecting edges. We call attention to problems of conflicting terminology when disciplines such as materials chemistry and mathematics collide.

Keywords

• Hermann–Mauguin notation
• graphs
• nets
• knots
• links
• tangles