Immunomodulatory activities of pH/temperature sensitive smart naringenin-loaded nanopolymers on the mammalian macrophages

Abstract

This study aims to formulate naringenin (Nar)-loaded pH/temperature sensitive nanopolymers for therapeutic options for inflammatory diseases. For this aim, Nar loaded SNPs (NarSNPs) were synthesized by miniememulsion method and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) characterization experiments were conducted. The cytokines release (IL-6 and TNF-α) and cell viability were determined on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. SNPs were determined as a potential naringenin carrier in terms of loading capacity, entrapment efficiency, pH/temperature dependent release, and preservation of bioactivity of Nar. According to our cell viability analyses, NarSNPs are safe at concentration 120 µg/mL. pH/temperature sensitive SNPs decreased the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α 3.95 and 4.35 times more efficiently than free Nar, respectively. These results indicate that SNPs increase bioactivity of Nar against adverse effects of inflammatory response.

Keywords

• Naringenin
• Smart nanopolymers
• Temperature sensitive polymer
• pH sensitive polymer
• Raw 264.7 cells