Effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Hematology, Innate Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> Biotype 2
Manoj Tukaram Kamble,
Wenresti Gallardo,
Krishna Rugmini Salin,
Suntree Pumpuang,
Balasaheb Ramdas Chavan,
Ram Chandra Bhujel,
Seema Vijay Medhe,
Aikkarach Kettawan,
Kim D. Thompson,
Nopadon Pirarat
Affiliations
Manoj Tukaram Kamble
Center of Excellence in Wildlife, Exotic, and Aquatic Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Wenresti Gallardo
Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
Krishna Rugmini Salin
Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management (AARM), Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Suntree Pumpuang
Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management (AARM), Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Balasaheb Ramdas Chavan
Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri 415629, India
Ram Chandra Bhujel
Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management (AARM), Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Seema Vijay Medhe
Center of Excellence in Wildlife, Exotic, and Aquatic Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Aikkarach Kettawan
Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Kim D. Thompson
Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
Nopadon Pirarat
Center of Excellence in Wildlife, Exotic, and Aquatic Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf (MLE) extract-supplemented diets on the growth, feed utilization, hematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2. Four hundred and fifty Nile tilapia (32.61 ± 0.2 g/fish) were randomly allocated into fifteen tanks (30 fish/tank). Different concentrations of MLE at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were fed to the Nile tilapia for 30 days, and the growth, feed utilization, hematology, and innate immune response of the Nile tilapia were determined. After the feeding trial, the Nile tilapia were challenged with a S. agalactiae Biotype 2 infection, and the relative percentage of survival (RPS) was determined. Results revealed the presence of quercetin, kaempferol, and p-coumaric acid in the MLE extract, exhibiting stronger antimicrobial activity against S. agalactiae Biotype 2. The diets supplemented with the MLE-0.5 group showed a significantly higher growth, feed utilization, hematology, and innate immune response in the Nile tilapia compared to the control and other MLE groups. Additionally, the MLE-0.5 group exhibited a significantly higher RPS of the Nile tilapia against S. agalactiae Biotype 2. Therefore, MLE-0.5 can be employed as an alternative feed supplement in sustainable Nile tilapia farming to protect against S. agalactiae Biotype 2.
