Phosphorus Fractionations and Availability in Areas under Different Management Systems in the Cerrado
José Luiz Rodrigues Torres,
Danyllo Denner de Almeida Costa,
Marcos Gervasio Pereira,
Luiz Victorio França Guardieiro,
Arcângelo Loss,
Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi,
Antônio Paz Gonzalez,
Mychelle Carvalho,
Dinamar Márcia da Silva Vieira
Affiliations
José Luiz Rodrigues Torres
Federal Institute of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba Campus, 4000 São João Batista Ribeiro St., Uberaba 38064-790, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Danyllo Denner de Almeida Costa
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia, Glória Campus, Uberlandia 38410-337, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Marcos Gervasio Pereira
Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, Seropédica 23897-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Luiz Victorio França Guardieiro
Federal Institute of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba Campus, 4000 São João Batista Ribeiro St., Uberaba 38064-790, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Arcângelo Loss
Department of Rural Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis Campus, Florianópolis 88034-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi
Department of Rural Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis Campus, Florianópolis 88034-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Antônio Paz Gonzalez
Department of Soil Science, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 88034-000 Coruña, Spain
Mychelle Carvalho
Federal Institute of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba Campus, 4000 São João Batista Ribeiro St., Uberaba 38064-790, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Dinamar Márcia da Silva Vieira
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia, Glória Campus, Uberlandia 38410-337, Minas Gerais, Brazil
The input of organic matter in the soil by the no-tillage system (NTS) increases as the system becomes established, raising the levels of organic phosphorus (P) and reducing the P soil adsorption. This study evaluated the availability of organic and inorganic P in areas under different management systems and stages of adoption in the Cerrado. The data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, corresponding to: (1) an NTS after 5 years of its implantation (NTS5); (2) an NTS after 17 years of its implantation (NTS17); (3) a conventional tillage system more than 20 years old (CTS); (4) Native Cerrado (NC). There were five repetitions for all treatments. Depths of 0–5 and 5–10 cm were evaluated for the available P (P-avail), remaining P (P-rem), organic P (oP), and inorganic P (iP) forms extracted with Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (P-avail), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (moderately labile), and Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (moderately resistant). The P from the sequential extractions accumulated at a depth of 0–5 cm, mostly in the organic form in the NTS17 and NC areas, demonstrating the contribution of the NTS to the conversion of the P reserve in the soil. The CTS treatment greatly accumulated P, especially in the inorganic form, indicating the non-conservationist characteristic of this system. The oP and iP contents in the soil were not affected by age of the NTS, which was similar to the NC. Our results show that the continuous input of organic matter deposited on the soil surface in the NTS17 increased the levels of organic and inorganic P, consequently providing greater availability of P in the soil for cultivated crops.
