Statistical Study of Nonthermal Plasma-Assisted ZnO Coating of Cotton Fabric through Ultrasonic-Assisted Green Synthesis for Improved Self-Cleaning and Antimicrobial Properties
Muhammad Irfan,
Muhammad Y. Naz,
Muhammad Saleem,
Malik Tanawush,
Adam Głowacz,
Witold Glowacz,
Saifur Rahman,
Mater H. Mahnashi,
Yahya S. Alqahtani,
Bandar A. Alyami,
Ali O. Alqarni,
Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari
Affiliations
Muhammad Irfan
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Y. Naz
Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Muhammad Saleem
Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Malik Tanawush
Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Adam Głowacz
Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Witold Glowacz
Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Saifur Rahman
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
Mater H. Mahnashi
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
Yahya S. Alqahtani
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
Bandar A. Alyami
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
Ali O. Alqarni
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari
Empty Qaurter Research Unit, Chemistry Department, College of Science and Art at Sharurah, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
Nonthermal plasma processing is a dry, environment-friendly and chemical-free method of improving the wettability, adhesion, self-cleaning and dying quality of fabrics without affecting their bulk properties. This study presents a green synthesis and coating method for the immobilization of nanoparticles of ZnO on the nonthermal plasma functionalized cotton fabric. The self-cleaning activity of ZnO-coated cotton was then optimized statistically. The ultraviolet protection and antimicrobial activity of the optimized and a control sample were also elaborated in this study. Psidium guajava Linn (guava) plant extract and zinc chloride were used in the ultrasonic biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and concurrent immobilization over plasma functionalized cotton. Sodium hydroxide was used as a reaction accelerator. Statistical complete composite design (CCD) based on the amount of ZnCl2, NaOH and plasma exposure time was used to optimize the role of input parameters on the self-cleaning ability of the coated cotton. Methylene blue in water was used as a sample pollutant in the self-cleaning study. The ZnO-coated cotton showed notably high self-cleaning activity of 94% and a UV protection factor of 69.87. The antimicrobial activity against E. Coli and S. Aureus bacteria was also appreciably high compared to the control.
