Computational assessment of MCM2 transcriptional expression and identification of the prognostic biomarker for human breast cancer
Abdus Samad,
Farhana Haque,
Zulkar Nain,
Rahat Alam,
Md Abdullah Al Noman,
Mohammad Habibur Rahman Molla,
Md Saddam Hossen,
Md Raquibul Islam,
Md Iqbal Khan,
Foysal Ahammad
Affiliations
Abdus Samad
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
Farhana Haque
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
Zulkar Nain
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
Rahat Alam
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
Md Abdullah Al Noman
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
Mohammad Habibur Rahman Molla
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
Md Saddam Hossen
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
Md Raquibul Islam
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
Md Iqbal Khan
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
Foysal Ahammad
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.
Minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) is a highly conserved protein from the MCM protein family that plays an important role in eukaryotic DNA replication as well as in cell cycle progression. In addition, it maintains the ploidy level consistency in eukaryotic cells, hence, mutations or alteration of this protein could result in the disintegration of the fine-tuned molecular machinery that can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Moreover, MCM2 has been found to be an important marker for progression and prognosis in different cancers. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the MCM2 expression and the associated outcome in breast cancer (BC) patients based on the publicly available online databases. In this study, server-based gene expression analyses indicate the upregulation of MCM2 (p 2.0) in various BC subtypes as compared to the respective normal tissues. Besides, the evaluation of histological sections from healthy and cancer tissues showed strong staining signals indicating higher expression of MCM2 protein. The overexpression of MCM2 was significantly correlated to promoter methylation and was related to patients' clinical features. Further, mutation analysis suggested missense as the predominant type of mutation (71.4%) with 18 copy-number alterations and 0.2% mutation frequency in the MCM2 gene. This study revealed a significant correlation (Cox p ≤ 0.05) between the higher MCM2 expression and lower patient survival. Finally, we identified the co-expressed genes with gene ontological features and signaling pathways associated in BC development. We believe that this study will provide a basis for MCM2 to be a significant biomarker for human BC prognosis.
