Investigation of Raindrops Fall Velocity During Different Monsoon Seasons Over the Western Ghats, India

Abstract

Abstract Using the Two‐Dimensional Video Disdrometer measurements, we investigated the fall velocity of raindrops at Mahabaleshwar (17.92°N, 73.6°E, ~1.4 km above mean sea level, AMSL), a tropical site on the Western Ghats of India. The analysis is for different seasons during 2012–2015. To increase the reliability and accuracy of analysis, the raindrops with diameters in the range 0.5–2 mm and horizontal wind speed < 2 m s−1 are considered. The observed raindrop fall velocities have been corrected for the effect of air density. The ratio between the observed velocity and calculated terminal velocity is considered for estimating superterminal (positively skewed; higher than terminal velocity) and subterminal (negatively skewed; lower than terminal velocity) raindrops. The distribution of these skewed raindrops and its relationship with rain rate, drop diameter, and axis ratio for different seasons has been examined. Results indicate the presence of superterminal and subterminal raindrops in definite proportion in all the season with a majority of the drops have a diameter less than 1 mm. It is found that most of the superterminal raindrops occur at rain rates below 5 mm hr−1, while subterminal raindrops are relatively higher above this rain rate. It is observed that the superterminal raindrops are usually small in size and prolate in shape, while the subterminal raindrops are relatively large and oblate in shape. The diurnal variation of these raindrops during different seasons is also studied.

Keywords

• Raindrop size distribution
• Monsoon
• Terminal velocity
• Western Ghats
• 2D‐Video disdrometer