International Journal of Nanomedicine (Feb 2020)
A NAG-Guided Nano-Delivery System for Redox- and pH-Triggered Intracellularly Sequential Drug Release in Cancer Cells
Abstract
Yan Liang,1 Jing Zhang,1 Baocheng Tian,1 Zimei Wu,2 Darren Svirskis,2 Jingtian Han1 1School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New ZealandCorrespondence: Jingtian HanSchool of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-535-6913317Fax +86-535-6913718Email [email protected] SvirskisSchool of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New ZealandTel +64-9-923 1158Email [email protected]: Sequential treatment with paclitaxel (PTXL) and gemcitabine (GEM) is considered clinically beneficial for non-small-cell lung cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a nano-system capable of sequential release of PTXL and GEM within cancer cells.Methods: PTXL-ss-poly(6-O-methacryloyl-d-galactopyranose)-GEM (PTXL-ss-PMAGP-GEM) was designed by conjugating PMAGP with PTXL via disulfide bonds (-ss-), while GEM via succinic anhydride (PTXL:GEM=1:3). An amphiphilic block copolymer N-acetyl-d-glucosamine(NAG)-poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)58-b-polystyrene130 acted as a targeting moiety and emulsifier in formation of nanostructures (NLCs).Results: The PTXL-ss-PMAGP-GEM/NAG NLCs (119.6 nm) provided a sequential in vitro release of, first PTXL (redox-triggered), then GEM (pH-triggered). The redox- and pH-sensitive NLCs readily distributed homogenously in the cytoplasm. NAG augmented the uptake of NLCs by the cancer cells and tumor accumulation. PTXL-ss-PMAGP-GEM/NAG NLCs exhibited synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro and strongest antitumor effects in tumor-bearing mice compared to NLCs lacking pH/redox sensitivities or free drug combination.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the abilities of PTXL-ss-PMAGP-GEM/NAG NLCs to achieve synergistic antitumor effect by targeted intracellularly sequential drug release.Keywords: sequential release, redox-sensitive, pH-sensitive, synergistic efficiency, combination drug delivery, gemcitabine, paclitaxel