Mechanistic Insights into Alzheimer’s Disease Unveiled through the Investigation of Disturbances in Central Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways
Raúl González-Domínguez,
Álvaro González-Domínguez,
Ana Sayago,
Juan Diego González-Sanz,
Alfonso María Lechuga-Sancho,
Ángeles Fernández-Recamales
Affiliations
Raúl González-Domínguez
AgriFood Laboratory, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Álvaro González-Domínguez
Inflammation, Nutrition, Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Study Group (INMOX), Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
Ana Sayago
AgriFood Laboratory, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Juan Diego González-Sanz
Department of Nursing, COIDESO Research Center, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Alfonso María Lechuga-Sancho
Inflammation, Nutrition, Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Study Group (INMOX), Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
Ángeles Fernández-Recamales
AgriFood Laboratory, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Hydrophilic metabolites are closely involved in multiple primary metabolic pathways and, consequently, play an essential role in the onset and progression of multifactorial human disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. This review article provides a comprehensive revision of the literature published on the use of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platforms for approaching the central metabolome in Alzheimer’s disease research, including direct mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Overall, mounting evidence points to profound disturbances that affect a multitude of central metabolic pathways, such as the energy-related metabolism, the urea cycle, the homeostasis of amino acids, fatty acids and nucleotides, neurotransmission, and others.
