Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (Sep 2022)
Association of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Gene Polymorphism with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: In silico Analysis of Biological Features of CTLA-4 Protein on Ethiopian Population
Abstract
Endris Ebrahim,1 Takele Teklu,2 Fitsumbrhan Tajebe,2 Tadelo Wondmagegn,2 Yibeltal Akelew,3 Mesfin Fiseha4 1Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; 4Hematology and Immunohematology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Endris Ebrahim, Email [email protected]: T1DM is a chronic organ-specific T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of β-cells in the islets of Langerhans, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Genes for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 have been hypothesized as possible contender genes for T1DM vulnerability. However, it has not been studied in the Ethiopian population yet.Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate CTLA-4 exon 1 was linked to A49G polymorphism with T1DM and its biological features of CTLA-4 among T1DM patients, in Ethiopia.Methods: A case–control study was done from December 2019 to March 2020 on 210 study participants (105 T1DM patients and 105 healthy controls). Polymerase Chain Reaction amplification with forward and reverse primers was followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and gel electrophoresis to determine gene polymorphism. Bioinformatics data of SNP was retrieved from National Centers for Biotechnology Information databases. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value of less than 0.05.Results: The CTLA-4 (+A49G) gene polymorphism was observed on 56 (26.7%) study participants, 39 (18.57%) of T1DM patients, and 17 (0.08%) were controls. In T1DM and controls, the frequency of the A allele was 73.3% and 89.5%, while the G allele was 26.7% and 10.5%, respectively. The G allele was found to be associated with T1DM (OR=3.1; 95% CI, 1.82 − 5.32; P=0.001). Statistical analysis revealed an association between the likelihood of T1DM and GG genotype of the CTLA-4 (+A49G) gene polymorphism (OR=3.11; 95% CI, 1.37– 10.90; P=0.01). Further in silico analyzed the SNP to assess its biological features.Conclusion: The study showed as CTLA-4 (+A49G) gene polymorphism is linked with T1DM in the Ethiopian population.Keywords: CTLA-4, T1DM, SNP, immunology, Ethiopia
