Long-Term Dietary Patterns Are Reflected in the Plasma Inflammatory Proteome of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Arno R. Bourgonje; Laura A. Bolte; Lianne L. C. Vranckx; Lieke M. Spekhorst; Ranko Gacesa; Shixian Hu; Hendrik M. van Dullemen; Marijn C. Visschedijk; Eleonora A. M. Festen; Janneke N. Samsom; Gerard Dijkstra; Rinse K. Weersma; Marjo J. E. Campmans-Kuijpers

doi:10.3390/nu14122522

Nutrients (Jun 2022)

Long-Term Dietary Patterns Are Reflected in the Plasma Inflammatory Proteome of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Arno R. Bourgonje,
Laura A. Bolte,
Lianne L. C. Vranckx,
Lieke M. Spekhorst,
Ranko Gacesa,
Shixian Hu,
Hendrik M. van Dullemen,
Marijn C. Visschedijk,
Eleonora A. M. Festen,
Janneke N. Samsom,
Gerard Dijkstra,
Rinse K. Weersma,
Marjo J. E. Campmans-Kuijpers

Affiliations

Arno R. Bourgonje: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Laura A. Bolte: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Lianne L. C. Vranckx: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Lieke M. Spekhorst: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Ranko Gacesa: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Shixian Hu: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Hendrik M. van Dullemen: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Marijn C. Visschedijk: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Eleonora A. M. Festen: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Janneke N. Samsom: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Gerard Dijkstra: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Rinse K. Weersma: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Marjo J. E. Campmans-Kuijpers: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122522
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 14, no. 12
p. 2522

Abstract

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Diet plays an important role in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)). However, little is known about the extent to which different diets reflect inflammation in IBD beyond measures such as faecal calprotectin or C-reactive protein. In this study, we aimed to unravel associations between dietary patterns and circulating inflammatory proteins in patients with IBD. Plasma concentrations of 73 different inflammation-related proteins were measured in 454 patients with IBD by proximity extension assay (PEA) technology. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were used to assess habitual diet. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to extract data-driven dietary patterns. To identify associations between dietary patterns and plasma proteins, we used general linear models adjusting for age, sex, BMI, plasma storage time, smoking, surgical history and medication use. Stratified analyses were performed for IBD type, disease activity and protein intake. A high-sugar diet was strongly inversely associated with fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF-19) independent of IBD type, disease activity, surgical history and deviance from recommended protein intake (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Conversely, a Mediterranean-style pattern was associated with higher FGF-19 levels (FDR < 0.05). A pattern characterised by high alcohol and coffee intake was positively associated with CCL11 (eotaxin-1) levels and with lower levels of IL-12B (FDR < 0.05). All results were replicated in CD, whereas only the association with FGF-19 was significant in UC. Our study suggests that dietary habits influence distinct circulating inflammatory proteins implicated in IBD and supports the pro- and anti-inflammatory role of diet. Longitudinal measurements of inflammatory markers, also postprandial, are needed to further elucidate the diet–inflammation relationship.

Published in Nutrients

ISSN: 2072-6643 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Technology: Home economics: Nutrition. Foods and food supply
Website: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients

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