Chemical Composition, Preliminary Toxicity, and Antioxidant Potential of <i>Piper marginatum</i> Sensu Lato Essential Oils and Molecular Modeling Study
Bruna de Souza Feitosa,
Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira,
Suraj N. Mali,
Amit Anand,
Jorddy Nevez Cruz,
Celeste de Jesus Pereira Franco,
Sonu Kumar Mahawer,
Ravendra Kumar,
Marcia Moraes Cascaes,
Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira,
Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
Affiliations
Bruna de Souza Feitosa
School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira
Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology—Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Suraj N. Mali
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
Amit Anand
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
Jorddy Nevez Cruz
School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Celeste de Jesus Pereira Franco
School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Sonu Kumar Mahawer
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India
Ravendra Kumar
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India
Marcia Moraes Cascaes
Graduate Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas—Botânica Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
The essential oils (OEs) of the leaves, stems, and spikes of P. marginatum were obtained by hydrodistillation, steam distillation, and simultaneous extraction. The chemical constituents were identified and quantified by GC/MS and GC-FID. The preliminary biological activity was determined by assessing the toxicity of the samples to Artemia salina Leach larvae and calculating the mortality rate and lethal concentration (LC50). The antioxidant activity of the EOs was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging method. Molecular modeling was performed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics, with acetylcholinesterase being the molecular target. The OES yields ranged from 1.49% to 1.83%. The EOs and aromatic constituents of P. marginatum are characterized by the high contents of (E)-isoosmorhizole (19.4–32.9%), 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone (9.0–19.9%), isoosmorhizole (1.6–24.5%), and 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone isomer (1.6–14.3%). The antioxidant potential was significant in the OE of the leaves and stems of P. marginatum extracted by SD in November (84.9 ± 4.0 mg TE·mL−1) and the OEs of the leaves extracted by HD in March (126.8 ± 12.3 mg TE·mL−1). Regarding the preliminary toxicity, the OEs of Pm-SD-L-St-Nov and Pm-HD-L-St-Nov had mortality higher than 80% in concentrations of 25 µg·mL−1. This in silico study on essential oils elucidated the potential mechanism of interaction of the main compounds, which may serve as a basis for advances in this line of research.
