Energy Reports (Nov 2023)
Low-carbon demand response strategy of buildings considering load rebound
Abstract
With the carbon emission ratio of buildings increasing, including buildings in the carbon market, an inevitable trend of social development is created. Buildings are characterized by their strong seasonality, high simultaneity rate, and large load, which is not only the main factor leading to the peak load of a power grid but also an important resource for load control. Under the guidance of dynamic carbon emission prices and real-time electricity prices, it is worth considering how best to balance the peak response ability of buildings and the cause of the secondary peak leading to load rebound. Therefore, this paper proposes a low-carbon demand response strategy for buildings considering load rebound. First, a building load is classified based on how schedulable the load remains, and a building demand response model which considers how the load schedulability is constructed. Second, according to the different rebounds of different building loads, a load rebound optimization model based on linear attenuation was built, and the rebound parameters of various loads were designed. Then, the real-time carbon emission factor, load fluctuation reward, punishment factor, and real-time electricity price are introduced. Thus, the lowest running cost of the building load is taken as the objective function needed to construct a building demand response optimization model while also considering load rebound. Finally, an example analysis is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model in reducing the comprehensive operation cost of buildings. The proposed model not only effectively reduces the comprehensive operation cost of buildings, but also reduces carbon emissions and load fluctuations under the premise of satisfying the actual building load, which provides a new idea for the research of a low-carbon demand response strategy of buildings with load rebound.
