Allocation Analysis of the Energy Storage System in Integrated Energy Systems Considering the Carbon Emissions and Cost

Abstract

With the increasing integration of renewable energy into the power grid, the variability in its power generation has a growing impact on the stable energy supply of the system. The utilization of energy storage systems (ESSs) has been considered as an efficient approach to mitigate this effect. However, due to the different characteristics of different ESSs, it becomes an urgent issue about how to allocate the ESSs or combine different types of ESSs to maximize its performance. This study has constructed a new method to compare the performance of different ESSs, and analyze the strengths and weakness of mainstream ESSs with the real energy systems in Wuhan. It demonstrated that for short-term storage options such as superconducting energy storage, lithium-ion battery storage, and supercapacitor storage, larger capacities (2000kWh) yield better results. Conversely, the optimal allocation of long-term options like lead-acid batteries, flow batteries, and compressed air energy storage systems, depends on specific characteristics and wind patterns. Furthermore, this research also reveals that when considering the combination of involving both long-term (lead-acid battery) and short-term (superconducting battery) storages, it cannot simultaneously achieve optimal performance in terms of operating cost or carbon emissions reduction. For hybrid combinations such as supercapacitor-lithium-ion battery (short-term-short-term) or compressed air-energy-flow battery (long-term-long-term), it is crucial to ensure that the type with superior performance possesses maximum capacity.