Nuclear Fusion (Jan 2024)
Overview of fast particle experiments in the first MAST Upgrade experimental campaigns
- J.F. Rivero-Rodríguez,
- K.G. McClements,
- M. Fitzgerald,
- S.E. Sharapov,
- M. Cecconello,
- N.A. Crocker,
- I. Dolby,
- M. Dreval,
- N. Fil,
- J. Galdón-Quiroga,
- M. García-Muñoz,
- S. Blackmore,
- W. Heidbrink,
- S. Henderson,
- A. Jackson,
- A. Kappatou,
- D. Keeling,
- D. Liu,
- Y.Q. Liu,
- C. Michael,
- H.J.C. Oliver,
- P. Ollus,
- E. Parr,
- G. Prechel,
- T. Rhodes,
- D. Ryan,
- P. Shi,
- M. Vallar,
- L. Velarde,
- T. Williams,
- H. Wong,
- the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team,
- the MAST-U Team
Affiliations
- J.F. Rivero-Rodríguez
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- K.G. McClements
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- M. Fitzgerald
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- S.E. Sharapov
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- M. Cecconello
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , Uppsala SE-751 05, Sweden
- N.A. Crocker
- ORCiD
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90098, United States of America
- I. Dolby
- Department of Physics, Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- M. Dreval
- ORCiD
- Institute of Plasma Physics, National Science Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology , 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine
- N. Fil
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- J. Galdón-Quiroga
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain
- M. García-Muñoz
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain
- S. Blackmore
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- W. Heidbrink
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- S. Henderson
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- A. Jackson
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Department of Physics, Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- A. Kappatou
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik , Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
- D. Keeling
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- D. Liu
- General Atomics , PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America
- Y.Q. Liu
- ORCiD
- General Atomics , PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America
- C. Michael
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90098, United States of America
- H.J.C. Oliver
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- P. Ollus
- ORCiD
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University , PO Box 11100, 00076 AALTO, Finland
- E. Parr
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- G. Prechel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- T. Rhodes
- ORCiD
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90098, United States of America
- D. Ryan
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- P. Shi
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- M. Vallar
- ORCiD
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- L. Velarde
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Universidad de Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain
- T. Williams
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- H. Wong
- ORCiD
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90098, United States of America
- the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
- the MAST-U Team
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad56a2
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 64,
no. 8
p. 086025
Abstract
MAST-U is equipped with on-axis and off-axis neutral beam injectors (NBI), and these external sources of super-Alfvénic deuterium fast-ions provide opportunities for studying a wide range of phenomena relevant to the physics of alpha-particles in burning plasmas. The MeV range D-D fusion product ions are also produced but are not confined. Simulations with the ASCOT code show that up to 20% of fast ions produced by NBI can be lost due to charge exchange (CX) with edge neutrals. Dedicated experiments employing low field side (LFS) gas fuelling show a significant drop in the measured neutron fluxes resulting from beam-plasma reactions, providing additional evidence of CX-induced fast-ion losses, similar to the ASCOT findings. Clear evidence of fast-ion redistribution and loss due to sawteeth (ST), fishbones (FB), long-lived modes (LLM), Toroidal Alfvén Eigenmodes (TAE), Edge Localised Modes (ELM) and neoclassical tearing modes (NTM) has been found in measurements with a Neutron Camera (NCU), a scintillator-based Fast-Ion Loss Detector (FILD), a Solid-State Neutral Particle Analyser (SSNPA) and a Fast-Ion Deuterium- α (FIDA) spectrometer. Unprecedented FILD measurements in the range of 1–2 MHz indicate that fast-ion losses can be also induced by the beam ion cyclotron resonance interaction with compressional or global Alfvén eigenmodes (CAEs or GAEs). These results show the wide variety of scenarios and the unique conditions in which fast ions can be studied in MAST-U, under conditions that are relevant for future devices like STEP or ITER.
Keywords
