Solid state synthesis of lead-free Sm-doped Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 ceramics for enhanced dielectric and electrical properties
Fida Rehman,
Pervaiz Ahmad,
Atta Ur Rahman,
Abdulrahman I. Alharthi,
Awais Khalid,
Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque,
Abdul Hakim Shah,
Mshari A. Alotaibi,
Hazrat Ali,
Hamid Osman,
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
Affiliations
Fida Rehman
Department of Physics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Corresponding author. Department of Physics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan.
Pervaiz Ahmad
Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 13100, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan; Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author. Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 13100, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
Atta Ur Rahman
Department of Physics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan
Abdulrahman I. Alharthi
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
Awais Khalid
Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque
Space Science Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Abdul Hakim Shah
Department of Physics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan
Mshari A. Alotaibi
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
Hazrat Ali
Department of Physics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian, KP, Pakistan
Hamid Osman
Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
Here we report the synthesis of Sm-doped Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (Na0.5Sm0.5Bi4Ti4O15) lead-free ceramics via a conventional solid-state technique. Investigations of Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (NBT) and Na0.5Sm0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (NSBT) ceramics were demonstrated in detail to understand the composition-based structure-property of Aurivillius compounds and related functional material. Dielectric properties for frequency and temperature in a wide range were analyzed. The conduction activation energy values of NSBT ceramics are obtained to be 1.40 eV, whereas, the NBT ceramics get the value to be 1.31 eV. At higher temperatures, the conduction activation energy value of NSBT ceramics is 1.32 eV for both frequencies of 100 Hz and 1 kHz, whereas, for NBT compounds, the calculated value is 1.27 eV for both frequencies. The simulation performed on the impedance data for capacitive and resistance elements shows well-fitting curves which indicates a single relaxation behavior in the material. Similarly, the AC-conductivity data were analyzed which gives different conduction processes and relaxation activation energies in the NSBT ceramics.
