Long-chain fatty acids - The turning point between ‘mild’ and ‘severe’ acute pancreatitis
Qiang Liu,
Xinyi Gu,
Xiaodie Liu,
Ye Gu,
Hongchen Zhang,
Jianfeng Yang,
Zhicheng Huang
Affiliations
Qiang Liu
Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
Xinyi Gu
The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, China
Xiaodie Liu
The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, China
Ye Gu
Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
Hongchen Zhang
Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
Jianfeng Yang
Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China; Corresponding author. Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Zhicheng Huang
Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Corresponding author. Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by localized pancreatic injury and a systemic inflammatory response. Fatty acids (FAs), produced during the breakdown of triglycerides (TGs) in blood and peripancreatic fat, escalate local pancreatic inflammation to a systemic level by damaging pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) and triggering M1 macrophage polarization. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of lipases' roles in the onset and progression of AP, as well as the effects of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) on the function of pancreatic acinar cells (PACs). Abnormalities in the function of PACs include Ca2+ overload, premature trypsinogen activation, protein kinase C (PKC) expression, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction. The study highlights the contribution of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LC-SFAs), especially palmitic acid (PA), to M1 macrophage polarization through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, we investigated lipid lowering therapy for AP. This review establishes a theoretical foundation for pro-inflammatory mechanisms associated with FAs in AP and facilitating drug development.
