Rotavirus Strain Trends in United States, 2009–2016: Results from the National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS)
Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic,
Jose Jaimes,
Charity Perkins,
M. Leanne Ward,
Mathew D. Esona,
Rashi Gautam,
Jamie Lewis,
Michele Sturgeon,
Junaid Panjwani,
Gail A. Bloom,
Steve Miller,
Erik Reisdorf,
Ann Marie Riley,
Morgan A. Pence,
James Dunn,
Rangaraj Selvarangan,
Robert C. Jerris,
Dona DeGroat,
Umesh D. Parashar,
Margaret M. Cortese,
Michael D. Bowen
Affiliations
Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Jose Jaimes
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Charity Perkins
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
M. Leanne Ward
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Mathew D. Esona
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Rashi Gautam
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Jamie Lewis
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Michele Sturgeon
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Junaid Panjwani
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Gail A. Bloom
Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory, Indiana University, 350 West 11th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
Steve Miller
UCSF Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, 185 Berry St, Suite 290, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
Erik Reisdorf
Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA
Ann Marie Riley
Infectious Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
Morgan A. Pence
Cook Children’s Medical Center, 801 Seventh Ave., Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
James Dunn
Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Suite AB1195, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Rangaraj Selvarangan
Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Robert C. Jerris
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Dona DeGroat
Seattle Children’s Hospital, 5801 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
Umesh D. Parashar
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Margaret M. Cortese
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Michael D. Bowen
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Before the introduction of vaccines, group A rotaviruses (RVA) were the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS) was established in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to perform passive RVA surveillance in the USA. We report the distribution of RVA genotypes collected through NRSSS during the 2009–2016 RVA seasons and retrospectively examine the genotypes detected through the NRSSS since 1996. During the 2009–2016 RVA seasons, 2134 RVA-positive fecal specimens were sent to the CDC for analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes by RT-PCR genotyping assays and sequencing. During 2009–2011, RVA genotype G3P[8] dominated, while G12P[8] was the dominant genotype during 2012–2016. Vaccine strains were detected in 1.7% of specimens and uncommon/unusual strains, including equine-like G3P[8] strains, were found in 1.9%. Phylogenetic analyses showed limited VP7 and VP4 sequence variation within the common genotypes with 1–3 alleles/lineages identified per genotype. A review of 20 years of NRSSS surveillance showed two changes in genotype dominance, from G1P[8] to G3P[8] and then G3P[8] to G12P[8]. A better understanding of the long-term effects of vaccine use on epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of circulating RVA strains requires continued surveillance.
