Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Potential and Toxicity Evaluation of the Essential Oils from <i>Duguetia</i> and <i>Xylopia</i> Species (<i>Annonaceae</i>) from the Brazilian Amazon
Márcia Moraes Cascaes,
Ângelo Antônio Barbosa De Moraes,
Jorddy Neves Cruz,
Celeste de Jesus Pereira Franco,
Renan Campos E Silva,
Lidiane Diniz do Nascimento,
Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira,
Tainá Oliveira dos Anjos,
Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira,
Giselle Maria Skelding Pinheiro Guilhon,
Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
Affiliations
Márcia Moraes Cascaes
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Ângelo Antônio Barbosa De Moraes
Laboratório Adolpho Ducke-Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
Jorddy Neves Cruz
Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Celeste de Jesus Pereira Franco
Laboratório Adolpho Ducke-Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
Renan Campos E Silva
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Lidiane Diniz do Nascimento
Laboratório Adolpho Ducke-Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia-Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Tainá Oliveira dos Anjos
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Botânica Tropical, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi/Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira
Laboratório Adolpho Ducke-Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
Giselle Maria Skelding Pinheiro Guilhon
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
The essential oils (EOs) of Duguetia echinophora, D. riparia, Xylopia emarginata and X. frutescens (Annonaceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS. An antioxidant assay using the ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging method and cytotoxic assays against Artemia salina were also performed. We evaluated the interaction of the major compounds of the most toxic EO (X. emarginata) with the binding pocket of the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase, a molecular target related to toxicity in models of Artemia salina. The chemical composition of the EO of D. echinophora was characterized by β-phellandrene (39.12%), sabinene (17.08%) and terpinolene (11.17%). Spathulenol (22.22%), caryophyllene oxide (12.21%), humulene epoxide II (11.86%) and allo-aromadendrene epoxide (10.20%) were the major constituents of the EO from D. riparia. Spathulenol (5.65%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.63%) were the major compounds of the EO from X. emarginata. The EO of X. frutescens was characterized by α-pinene (20.84%) and byciclogermacrene (7.85%). The results of the radical scavenger DPPH assays ranged from 15.87 to 69.38% and the highest percentage of inhibition was observed for the EO of X. emarginata, while for ABTS radical scavenging, the antioxidant capacity of EOs varied from 14.61 to 63.67%, and the highest percentage of inhibition was observed for the EO of X. frutescens. The EOs obtained from D. echinophora, X. emarginata and X. frutescens showed high toxicity, while the EO of D. riparia was non-toxic. Because the EO of X. emarginata is the most toxic, we evaluated how its major constituents were able to interact with the Acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The docking results show that the compounds are able to bind to the binding pocket through non-covalent interactions with the residues of the binding pocket. The species X. emarginata and X. frutescens are the most promising sources of antioxidant compounds; in addition, the results obtained for preliminary cytotoxicity of the EOs of these species may also indicate a potential biological activity.
