Effect of CO2 tax on energy use in oil production: waterflooding optimization under different emission costs

Abstract

Article highlights A methodology for reducing carbon emissions from water injection via well-control optimization is introduced. Higher CO2 tax rates result in optimal injection strategies that lower emissions with small reduction in production. The main effects of a higher CO2 tax rate are reduced water injection and more efficient subsurface drainage.

Keywords

• Energy-efficient water injection
• Well-control optimization
• Augmented objective function
• Reduction of carbon emissions
• Effect of CO2 tax rate
• Particle swarm optimization