Moderate-intensity endurance training improves late phase β-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes
Hui Zhang,
Laura K. Simpson,
Nicholas P. Carbone,
Michael F. Hirshman,
Pasquale Nigro,
Maria Vamvini,
Laurie J. Goodyear,
Roeland J.W. Middelbeek
Affiliations
Hui Zhang
Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Laura K. Simpson
Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Nicholas P. Carbone
Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Michael F. Hirshman
Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Pasquale Nigro
Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Maria Vamvini
Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Laurie J. Goodyear
Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Corresponding author
Roeland J.W. Middelbeek
Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section on Clinical, Behavioral, and Outcomes Research, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Corresponding author
Summary: Physical activity is important for type 2 diabetes treatment, yet the underlying mechanisms for these beneficial effects of exercise are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of exercise training on biphasic β-cell insulin secretory function, a key factor regulating blood glucose. Adults with type 2 diabetes (7F/3M, age 49 ± 5 years, BMI 30 ± 3 kg/m2) completed a 10-week moderate-intensity exercise program and multiple components of glucose homeostasis were measured. Training improved glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and processing of proinsulin-to-insulin. Training increased late phase β-cell function by 38% (p = 0.01), which was correlated with changes in VO2peak suggesting training response-dependent effects. Ras-Responsive Element Binding Protein 1 (RREB1) concentrations, a protein postulated to increase type 2 diabetes risk, were inversely correlated with increases in training-induced late-phase disposition index, consistent with an inhibitory role of RREB1 on insulin secretion. Moderate-intensity exercise training improves late-phase β-cell function and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.
