The respiratory system biomechanical homeostasis and its maintenance mechanisms in normal conditions and at obstructive pulmonary diseases

Abstract

Parameters of breathing biomechanics in healthy persons (n = 20), patients with bronchial asthma (n = 30) and chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (n = 30) are analyzed during electrical stimulation of the diaphragm. Methodology of homeostatic parame-ters searching and their classification is offered. Descriptive and comparative analyses are performed. Homeostatic parameters of biomechanics describing the condition of elastic and non -elastic properties of respiratory system, of respiratory muscles, of general pulmonary hysteresis, breathing regulation are differentiated. Basic homeostatic parameter is the ratio of inspiratory capacity to the lungs elastic recoil. The model of lungs with the biomechanical buffer and retractive-elastic- surfactant complex of lungs is offered. Biomechanical homeostasis idea of respiratory system as ability of an organism to support in dynamics balance normal and patho-logical conditions essentially important for preservation of respiratory system biomechanical parameters in admissible limits is for-mulated.

Keywords

• биомеханический гомеостазис
• аппарат внешнего дыхания
• механика дыхания
• электростимуляция диафрагмы
• бронхиальная астма
• хронический обструктивный бронхит
• хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких