The Journal of Clinical Investigation (Sep 2022)

Longitudinal analysis reveals age-related changes in the T cell receptor repertoire of human T cell subsets

  • Xiaoping Sun,
  • Thomas Nguyen,
  • Achouak Achour,
  • Annette Ko,
  • Jeffrey Cifello,
  • Chen Ling,
  • Jay Sharma,
  • Toyoko Hiroi,
  • Yongqing Zhang,
  • Chee W. Chia,
  • William Wood III,
  • Wells W. Wu,
  • Linda Zukley,
  • Je-Nie Phue,
  • Kevin G. Becker,
  • Rong-Fong Shen,
  • Luigi Ferrucci,
  • Nan-ping Weng

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 132, no. 17

Abstract

Read online

A diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is essential for protection against a variety of pathogens, and TCR repertoire size is believed to decline with age. However, the precise size of human TCR repertoires, in both total and subsets of T cells, as well as their changes with age, are not fully characterized. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the human blood TCRα and TCRβ repertoire of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets using a unique molecular identifier–based (UMI-based) RNA-seq method. Thorough analysis of 1.9 × 108 T cells yielded the lower estimate of TCR repertoire richness in an adult at 3.8 × 108. Alterations of the TCR repertoire with age were observed in all 4 subsets of T cells. The greatest reduction was observed in naive CD8+ T cells, while the greatest clonal expansion was in memory CD8+ T cells, and the highest increased retention of TCR sequences was in memory CD8+ T cells. Our results demonstrated that age-related TCR repertoire attrition is subset specific and more profound for CD8+ than CD4+ T cells, suggesting that aging has a more profound effect on cytotoxic as opposed to helper T cell functions. This may explain the increased susceptibility of older adults to novel infections.

Keywords