Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Kalvatala Sudhakar,
Shivkanya Fuloria,
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan,
Kathiresan V. Sathasivam,
Abul Kalam Azad,
Shasank S. Swain,
Mahendran Sekar,
Sundram Karupiah,
Omji Porwal,
Alaka Sahoo,
Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan Meenakshi,
Vipin Kumar Sharma,
Sanjay Jain,
R. Narayana Charyulu,
Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
Affiliations
Kalvatala Sudhakar
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LIT-Pharmacy), Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
Shivkanya Fuloria
Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
Kathiresan V. Sathasivam
Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
Abul Kalam Azad
Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
Shasank S. Swain
Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
Mahendran Sekar
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
Sundram Karupiah
Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
Omji Porwal
Department of Pharmacognosy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq
Alaka Sahoo
Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan Meenakshi
College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat 130, Oman
Vipin Kumar Sharma
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
Sanjay Jain
Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicaps University, Indore 453331, MP, India
R. Narayana Charyulu
Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore 575018, India
Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
A selected active pharmaceutical ingredient must be incorporated into a cargo carrier in a particular manner so that it achieves its goal. An amalgamation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be conducted in such a manner that it is simple, professional, and more beneficial. Lipids/polymers that are known to be used in nanocarriers for APIs can be transformed into a vesicular formulation, which offers elegant solutions to many problems. Phospholipids with other ingredients, such as ethanol and water, form suitable vesicular carriers for many drugs, overcoming many problems related to poor bioavailability, poor solubility, etc. Ultraflexible liposomes are novel carriers and new frontiers of drug delivery for transdermal systems. Auxiliary advances in vesicular carrier research have been made, enabling polymer-coated ethanolic liposomes to avoid detection by the body’s immune system—specifically, the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Ultraflexible liposomes act as a cargo system and a nanotherapeutic approach for the transport of therapeutic drugs and bioactive agents. Various applications of liposome derivatives in different diseases are emphasized in this review.
