Optimization of Catfish (Pangasius sp) Bone Bio-calcium Production with Different Concentrations of Citric Acid and Stirring Time Using the Response Surface Method (RSM) Approach

Ima Wijayanti, Ph.D; Tri Winarni Agustini; Fronthea Swastawati; Apri Dwi Anggo; Diana Nur Afifah

doi:10.15578/squalen.867

Squalen (Aug 2024)

Optimization of Catfish (Pangasius sp) Bone Bio-calcium Production with Different Concentrations of Citric Acid and Stirring Time Using the Response Surface Method (RSM) Approach

Ima Wijayanti, Ph.D,
Tri Winarni Agustini,
Fronthea Swastawati,
Apri Dwi Anggo,
Diana Nur Afifah

Affiliations

Ima Wijayanti, Ph.D: Department of Fishery Products Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, 50275
Tri Winarni Agustini: Department of Fishery Products Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, 50275
Fronthea Swastawati: Department of Fishery Products Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, 50275
Apri Dwi Anggo: Department of Fishery Products Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, 50275
Diana Nur Afifah: Nutrition Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, 50275

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15578/squalen.867
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 19, no. 2
pp. 81 – 95

Abstract

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Calcium is an important macro-mineral that is really needed by the body. Calcium from fish bones can be an alternative source of calcium for those who are allergic to milk lactose which is usually used as calcium source. The weakness of fish bone calcium is that it still has a fishy odor, which reduces the hedonic value of products fortified with fish bone calcium. This research aims to determine the optimization of concentration and stirring time in citric acid to produce bio-calcium from catfish (Pangasius sp) bones with the best calcium content and hedonic characteristics using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The citric acid concentration tested was a minimum of 0.25% and a maximum of 1% with stirring times of 30, 60 and 90 min. Data processing was carried out with the help of Design Expert 11 software. The recommended model is the quadratic model. The recommended optimization results for the bio-calcium production solution are a citric acid concentration of 0.25% and a soaking time of 30 min. Verification was carried out according to the optimization solution and gave yield results of 88.9%, particle size of 51.07 µm, calcium content 24.05; with a color hedonic value of 4.115, aroma 4.059 and overall 4.090 out of a maximum value of 5. XRD pattern showed no difference between fishbone powder and bio-calcium with degree crystallinity 57 and 56.2%, respectively. FTIR spectra showed that both fishbone powder and bio-calcium powder contained hydroxyapatite, however citric acid slightly removed protein due to absence of amide 1 peaks in bio-calcium powder. Citric acid at 0.25% for 30 min helped to increase the yield and reduced some organic compound to obtain bio-calcium powder. The proper concentration of citric acid and stirring time yielded catfish bone bio-calcium with higher calcium content and hedonic value.

Published in Squalen

ISSN: 2089-5690 (Print); 2406-9272 (Online)
Publisher: Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan
Country of publisher: Indonesia
LCC subjects: Technology: Ocean engineering; Naval Science
Website: http://www.bbp4b.litbang.kkp.go.id/squalen-bulletin/index.php/squalen

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