From grape berries to wines: drought impacts on key secondary metabolites
Stefania Savoi,
Jose Carlos Herrera,
Silvia Carlin,
Cesare Lotti,
Barbara Bucchetti,
Enrico Peterlunger,
Simone Diego Castellarin,
Fulvio Mattivi
Affiliations
Stefania Savoi
AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
Jose Carlos Herrera
Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
Silvia Carlin
Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
Cesare Lotti
Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
Barbara Bucchetti
Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy.
Enrico Peterlunger
Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy.
Simone Diego Castellarin
Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Fulvio Mattivi
Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
Aim. We aimed to study the impact of water deficit on the concentration of key flavour and phenolic secondary metabolites of wines. Methods and results. A drought-stress field trial was conducted on Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot and Tocai Friulano for two seasons. Fully irrigated (C) and deficit irrigated (D) grapes were microvinified and the resulting wines were analysed to determine the concentrations of anthocyanins, tannins, and free and glycosidically-bound Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). A descriptive sensory test was undertaken on the same wines. Water stressed grapes produced wines with higher concentrations of anthocyanins in Merlot and of free and glycosidically-bound monoterpenes in Tocai Friulano. Both cultivars displayed higher amounts of glycosidically-bound C13-norisoprenoids. Conclusions. Previously observed drought-induced compositional changes to the grapes were transfered to the wines, with an increase in polyphenols and VOCs. However, the timing and the duration of the water stress in the field only heavily impacted the final wine composition with major metabolic modification when the severe water deficit started early (at approximately 40 days after anthesis) and lasted over the entire season until harvest. Significance and impact of the study. This study highlights the positive role of a controlled water deficit on the composition of the wines in terms of secondary metabolites.
