THE INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC AND STATIC PHYSICAL EXERCISES ON THE PARAMETERS OF INTRACARDIAC HEMODYNAMICS AND PHYSICAL ENDURANCE IN HIGHER-LEVEL SPORTSMEN

Abstract

Aim. To assess the influence of dynamic and static exercises on the parameters of intracardiac hemodynamics and physical endurance in higher-level sportsmen.Material and methods. Totally, 136 sportsmen studied all males. Higher- level (qualified) sportsmen (groups of sports perfection and higher sports mastery) — 116 persons (mean age 22,07±4,10 y.; sports experience 5-15 years) depending on the type of activity were selected into groups as following: I (n=30) — wrestling, judo, II (n=27) — ski racing, biathlon, III (n=33) — powerlifting, IV (n=26)—volleyball. Group V (n=20) — controls (age 17,95±1,55 y.), with the experience not higher than 3 years. Investigation methods: electrocardiography, echocardiography (EchoCG), veloergometry. Results. By the data of ECG the parameters of intracardiac hemodynamics in sportsmen of all groups were in the normal range. There were significant differences found for the geometry of the heart between control group and higher-level sportsmen, and the controls had lower morphostructural parameters. In highly dynamic kinds of sports (ski racing, biathlon) the morphostructural changes are related to the increase of volumetric parameters of the left ventricle. Intensive static and low dynamic load in power kinds of sports (powerlifting) lead to the increase of myocardial mass, caused by thickness of the left ventricle walls. The highest values of the level of physical endurance and maximum oxygen consumption were in biathlon and ski racing sportsmen who train endurance. Conclusion. Study of the influence of dynamic and static physical exertion on the parameters of intracardiac hemodynamic, morphostructure of the heart and physical endurance is of definitive importance for the evaluation of cardiovascular adaptation potential in higher-level sportsmen. Depending on the type and intensity of the exertion adaptation mechanisms have their specifics. The obtained data can be used for on-time correction of the training regimens and for management of training-competition process in sportsmen of various kinds. That means, EchoCG and veloergometry must be included into the list of obligatory diagnostic methods that fulfill systemic dynamic control of cardiovascular system parameters in the highest achievement sportsmen, that has special significance for revealing of the signs of desadaptation and overtraining in longtime sports involvement.

Keywords

• qualified sportsmen of different kinds
• type and intensity of dynamic and/or static physical exertion
• heart morphostructure
• hemodynamics
• physical endurance