Mineral and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Cork Spot Disorder on ‘Akizuki’ Pear Fruit
Yingjie Yang,
Yanlin Zhu,
Piyu Ji,
Anqi Li,
Zhiyun Qiu,
Yuanyuan Cheng,
Ran Wang,
Chunhui Ma,
Jiankun Song,
Zhenhua Cui,
Jianlong Liu,
Yitian Nie,
Xiaozhi Zhou,
Dingli Li
Affiliations
Yingjie Yang
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Yanlin Zhu
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Piyu Ji
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Anqi Li
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Zhiyun Qiu
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Yuanyuan Cheng
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Ran Wang
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Chunhui Ma
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Jiankun Song
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Zhenhua Cui
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Jianlong Liu
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Yitian Nie
Qingdao Onatur Agri-Tech Co., Ltd., Pingdu, Qingdao 266700, China
Xiaozhi Zhou
Department of Finance, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Dingli Li
College of Horticulture, Qingdao Key Lab of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Cork spot is a common physiological disorder in pear fruits, which has been found in some pear cultivars. Mineral nutrition imbalance in fruit is regarded as the principal influence factor for disorder incidence, with some ongoing confusion and controversy. In our research, we explored the cork spot characteristics in Japanese pear ‘Akizuki’ (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), adopted metabolome and mineral content analysis for healthy and disordered fruits, and made a correlation analysis of mineral and metabolites. Cork spots are mainly distributed on the outer flesh beneath the fruit peel. In cork spotted tissues, superoxide (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased. A total of 1024 known metabolites were identified from all the samples and more changes in metabolism were detected between normal and cork spotted flesh tissues. Correlation analysis displayed that Ca, especially the Mg/Ca in fruits, could be used to predict whether an orchard will develop cork spot disorder; Mg and B were associated with the appearance of symptoms, and the contents of Zn, Fe, and Mg, as well as Mg/B and Zn/B, might be strongly tied to the formation of cork spots in pears. This research provides insights into the occurrence of pear cork spot disorder and clarifies the role of minerals.
