Numerical Simulation of Fire Smoke Spread in a Super High-Rise Building for Different Fire Scenarios

Abstract

Research on fire spread in super high-rise buildings is crucial for identifying feasible methods of fire prevention and personnel evacuation. In this study, a fire spread model was established based on the fire dynamics simulator (FDS), and fire spread results were analyzed for a fire scenario in a single room under different conditions, a fire scenario in different functional places under the same conditions, and the spread of fire outside of the room. The results revealed that the critical time required for a fire to become a safety hazard in a shop, a restaurant, or an office was approximately 200 s. The same type of fire reached the critical time required for a fire to become a safety hazard more quickly in an office than a restaurant or shop, regardless of whether the fire spread was caused by CO mass fraction or temperature. More attention should be paid to fire safety in office spaces in super high-rise buildings. Furthermore, compared with CO mass fraction and temperature, visibility was a more influential factor in determining the critical time required for fire to become a hazard, and smoke affected the adjacent open area in approximately 60 s. In the event of a fire, the temperature of the staircase and its front chamber was always lower than the threshold temperature of 60°C for human body tolerance.