Advanced Theranostic Strategies for Viral Hepatitis Using Carbon Nanostructures
Ahmad Gholami,
Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi,
Reza Masoumzadeh,
Mojtaba Binazadeh,
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani,
Navid Omidifar,
Omid Arjmand,
Wei-Hung Chiang,
Mohsen Moghadami,
Nelson Pynadathu Rumjit
Affiliations
Ahmad Gholami
Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
Reza Masoumzadeh
Department of Medical, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
Mojtaba Binazadeh
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
Health Policy Research Center, Health Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
Navid Omidifar
Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
Omid Arjmand
Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14687-63785, Iran
Wei-Hung Chiang
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
Mohsen Moghadami
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
Nelson Pynadathu Rumjit
Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3, Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
There are several treatment protocols for acute viral hepatitis, and it is critical to recognize acute hepatitis in its earliest stages. Public health measures to control these infections also rely on rapid and accurate diagnosis. The diagnosis of viral hepatitis remains expensive, and there is no adequate public health infrastructure, while the virus is not well-controlled. New methods for screening and detecting viral hepatitis through nanotechnology are being developed. Nanotechnology significantly reduces the cost of screening. In this review, the potential of three-dimensional-nanostructured carbon substances as promising materials due to fewer side effects, and the contribution of these particles to effective tissue transfer in the treatment and diagnosis of hepatitis due to the importance of rapid diagnosis for successful treatment, were extensively investigated. In recent years, three-dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as graphene oxide and nanotubes with special chemical, electrical, and optical properties have been used for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis due to their high potential. We expect that the future position of nanoparticles in the rapid diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis can be better determined.
