Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of a Crude Polysaccharide Derived from Green Seaweed <i>Halimeda tuna</i>: Computational and Experimental Evidences
Marwa Kraiem,
Sonia Ben Hamouda,
Malek Eleroui,
Marwa Ajala,
Amal Feki,
Amel Dghim,
Zakaria Boujhoud,
Marwa Bouhamed,
Riadh Badraoui,
Jean Marc Pujo,
Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir,
Hatem Kallel,
Ibtissem Ben Amara
Affiliations
Marwa Kraiem
Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, PB 261, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Sonia Ben Hamouda
Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology–LR16IPT04, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
Malek Eleroui
Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, PB 261, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Marwa Ajala
Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, PB 261, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Amal Feki
Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, PB 261, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Amel Dghim
Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, PB 261, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Zakaria Boujhoud
Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences of Settat, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco
Marwa Bouhamed
Laboratory of Anatomopathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
Riadh Badraoui
Department of General Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
Jean Marc Pujo
Emergency Department, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana
Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology–LR16IPT04, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
Hatem Kallel
Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana
Ibtissem Ben Amara
Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, PB 261, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
In this study, we investigated for the first time the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of crude polysaccharide (PSHT) extracted from green marine algae Halimeda tuna. PSHT exhibited anti-oxidant activity in vitro through scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl free radical, reducing Fe3+/ferricyanide complex, and inhibiting nitric oxide. PSHT maintained the erythrocyte membrane integrity and prevented hemolysis. Our results also showed that PSHT exerted a significant anti-edematic effect in vivo by decreasing advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde levels and increasing the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat’s paw model and erythrocytes. Interestingly, PSHT increased the viability of murine RAW264.7 macrophages and exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells by decreasing pro-inflammatory molecule levels, including nitric oxide, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Our findings indicate that PSHT could be used as a potential immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-hemolytic, and anti-oxidant agent. These results could be explained by the computational findings showing that polysaccharide building blocks bound both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and TNF-α with acceptable affinities.
