Conjunctural review of epidemic morbidity and preventive measures in the Orenburg region in the 1930 years

Abstract

Background. In the last few years, humanity has faced a serious problem caused by the coronavirus pandemic. A number of enterprises and tourist destinations were forced to suspend their activities to preserve public health and non-proliferation of the virus. Pan-demics accompany human life for more than one century, during this time certain rules of behavior and ways of combating diseases have been formed, so studying the experience of previous years will help to overcome the modern disease faster. The purpose of this article is to analyze the market review of epidemic diseases in the Orenburg region in the 1930 years and evaluate preventive measures of health authorities and local administration. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, the author turned to archival documents of the United State Archive of the Orenburg region, the Samara Regional State Archive of Socio-Political History. The analysis of the documents of these archives made it possible to highlight the events of the 1930 years on the territory of the Orenburg region associated with epidemic outbreaks. The author applied general scientific methods of description, comparison, analysis, as well as private-historical, such as historical-chronological and historical-comparative. Results. The study identified the main epidemic diseases characteristic of the population of the Orenburg region in the 1930 years, such as typhoid fever, typhus, measles, scarlet fever, whooping cough, dysentery. The author has identified the main causes of the spread of diseases, these are crowding of the population due to lack of hous-ing, lack of medical personnel, non-compliance with hygiene. The sanitary and preventive work of health authorities is analyzed, for example, the construction of baths, washrooms, steam-formalin chambers, epidemic barracks, sanitary treatment of reservoirs, cleaning of villages and courtyards from waste, which helped to overcome the main infectious foci. Conclusions. Based on archival materials from the 1930 years, the author highlights the events. At the height of the construction of the Soviet state, society was faced with a number of epidemic diseases transmitted at the household level. Health authorities and the local administration have taken measures to combat diseases and prevent them. Sanitary doctors, vaccinators, medicines, instructions were sent to the cities and districts of the region. Thus, in a short time in the Soviet Union, a developed network of medical and sanitary educational institutions is being created that can effectively combat epidemic outbreaks.

Keywords

• orenburg region
• market review
• infection
• sanitation
• vaccination