Análise da compensação por significativo impacto ambiental de sete megaempreendimentos da indústria de energia na Amazônia

Abstract

The Environmental Compensation of the Brazilian Conservation Units National System (CA/SNUC) promotes the creation and implementation of Conservation Units (UCs), representing an effective alternative to financial sustainability. This article aims to analyze the allocation and application of the compensation for the Belo Monte, Santo Antônio, Jirau, and Teles Pires hydroelectric dams; the Coari-Manaus and Araracanga gas lines; and the Tucuruí Lot C power lines, to verify the compliance mechanisms, prioritization of the management needs of the UCs, transparency and social control, highlighting their limitations and opportunities for improvement. Exploratory, bibliographic, documentary, and content analysis methods were used. The amount of R$ 287.7 million of CA/SNUC was determined, which originated from 71 destinations, benefiting 59 public UCs. The UCs of the Integral Protection category were the most favored, both in quantity (66%) and in the volume of financial resources (87%). The federal UCs were supported with a higher volume of resources (76%), while the state UCs obtained a greater number of Units supported (63%). It was found that National Parks (22%) and State Parks (17%) were the largest recipients of CA/SNUC, and "land regularization" was the priority development activity (52.97%). On the other hand, actions for the financial sustainability of UCs (1.76%), management councils (0.25%), and environmental education (0.04%) were activities that received lower investments. It was found that there is no publicity for implementing CA/SNUC and possible accountability, as well as a lack of evaluative indicators. The solution proposed to correct the identified weaknesses is adopting a participant system of allocation and division of resources linked to mechanisms of social control and accountability and investments in actions of broad communication that allow effective transparency in compensation application.

Keywords

• unidades de conservação
• compensação ambiental
• megaempreendimentos