Somatic Embryogenesis: A Tool for Fast and Reliable Virus and Viroid Elimination for Grapevine and other Plant Species
Robert Olah,
Mihaly Turcsan,
Krisztina Olah,
Eszter Farkas,
Tamas Deak,
Gizella Jahnke,
Diana Agnes Nyitraine Sardy
Affiliations
Robert Olah
Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
Mihaly Turcsan
Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
Krisztina Olah
Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
Eszter Farkas
Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
Tamas Deak
Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
Gizella Jahnke
Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
Diana Agnes Nyitraine Sardy
Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a widely used technique in plant biotechnology, and it can be a possible tool for virus and viroid elimination. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of production of pathogen-free plants using somatic embryogenesis. Beside the well-known meristem cultures, chemotherapy, thermotherapy and cryotherapy, SE is a very effective virus and viroid elimination method. Production of virus- and viroid-free plants is categorized based on the latest virus taxonomy. The available information on virus and viroid spread in calli and the effect of SE on morphological and genetic stability of the regenerated plants are presented in details. A number of factors which could affect the efficiency of this technique are also pointed out. Based on the collected and analysed data, SE can be a useful option for virus and viroid elimination.
