Development of a Textile Solid-Phase Extraction Method Employing the Marine Sulfated Polysaccharide Ulvan for the Extraction and Analysis of Cationic Dyes
Ivo Safarik,
Jitka Prochazkova,
Stefanos Kikionis,
Vassilios Roussis,
Efstathia Ioannou
Affiliations
Ivo Safarik
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Jitka Prochazkova
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Stefanos Kikionis
Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
Vassilios Roussis
Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
Efstathia Ioannou
Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
Textile solid-phase extraction (TSPE) employing an acrylic nonwoven textile impregnated with the sulfated, negatively charged marine polysaccharide ulvan was employed for the extraction of four positively charged dyes, namely safranin O, methylene blue, malachite green and crystal violet, from aqueous solutions. The extracted dyes were analyzed by image analysis of the dyed textile using a smartphone application. Dyes within the concentration range of 0.1–2.0 mg/L were efficiently analyzed, demonstrating that ulvan-based TSPE is a highly efficient preconcentration method for the analysis of cationic dyes.
