New Pathways toward Sustainable Sn‐Related Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Sn‐related perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as one of the most promising lead‐free, environmentally viable photovoltaic technologies. Recent years have witnessed rapid development in terms of soaring photovoltaic performances of Sn‐related PSCs, progressively narrowing their power conversion efficiency (PCE) gaps to the Pb‐based counterparts. However, further enhancement of PCE and lifespan are largely limited by the easy oxidation of Sn2+ and by‐products‐induced defects. Beyond the stereotyped antioxidation strategies using reducing agents, in this perspective, several novel chemical pathways, which are able to simultaneously boost the PCE and stability of Sn‐related PSCs, are summarized and highlighted. In addition, the impact of molecular design on the antioxidation, de‐doping, defect passivation effect, and other optoelectronic properties of Sn‐based perovskite films and devices is elucidated. Last but not least, associated challenges and future research directions are also discussed and proposed for fabricating efficient, stable, and sustainable Sn‐related optoelectronic devices.

Keywords

• defect passivation
• interface engineering
• perovskite solar cells
• Sn perovskites
• stability