Assessment of Human Mycotoxin Exposure in Hungary by Urinary Biomarker Determination and the Uncertainties of the Exposure Calculation: A Case Study
Judit Szabó-Fodor,
Mária Szeitzné-Szabó,
Brigitta Bóta,
Tamás Schieszl,
Cserne Angeli,
Lucia Gambacorta,
Michele Solfrizzo,
András Szabó,
Melinda Kovács
Affiliations
Judit Szabó-Fodor
Eötvös Lóránd Research Network MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Science, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvar, Hungary
Mária Szeitzné-Szabó
Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvar, Hungary
Brigitta Bóta
Eötvös Lóránd Research Network MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Science, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvar, Hungary
Tamás Schieszl
Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvar, Hungary
Cserne Angeli
Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvar, Hungary
Lucia Gambacorta
Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
Michele Solfrizzo
Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
András Szabó
Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvar, Hungary
Melinda Kovács
Eötvös Lóránd Research Network MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Science, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvar, Hungary
Urinary biomarkers of mycotoxin exposure were evaluated in the case of healthy people (n = 41) and coeliac patients (n = 19) by using a multi-biomarker LC-MS/MS immunoaffinity based method capable to analyse biomarkers of nine mycotoxins, i.e., fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and Nivalenol (NIV). Urinary biomarker concentrations were used to calculate the probable daily intake (PDI) of fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and ochratoxin A and compared with their tolerable daily intake (TDI). The human urinary excretion rate values reported in the literature and the 24 h excretion rate measured in piglets were used to estimate and compare the PDI values of the four mycotoxins. The highest mean biomarker concentrations were found for DON (2.30 ng/mL for healthy people and 2.68 ng/mL for coeliac patients). Mean OTA concentration was significantly higher (p 1. The uncertainties arising from the different calculations can be well perceived on the basis of these data.
