Evaluation of Menstrual Cycle on Periodontal Parameters

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial plaque has been identified as the primary factor for the onset of periodontal disease. Although pathogens are very important in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, the hosts’ systemic and predisposing factors should also be considered. Sex hormones are important factors contributing to periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of menstruation cycle on periodontal indices. Materials & Methods: In this study, 20 premenopausal women (17-45 years old) were selected. Before the examination, scaling and oral health instruction for all subjects was done. Clinical examinations were done during the menstrual cycle specifically during ovulation (OV) time, during pre-menstruation (PM) and during menstruation (M) with four month in tervals. Indices evaluated included: 1) Plaque index (PI) 2) Gingival index (GI) 3) Probing depth (PD) around the (Ramfjord teeth). Friedman test was used for comparison among the three durations and for two by two comparisons, Wilcoxon test was used.Results: Results showed a significant difference among the phases of the menstrual cycle for gingival index (P0.05).Conclusion: During menstrual cycle due to the hormonal changes, gingival index and inflammation is significantly increased indicating that in order to prevent periodontal diseases, oral health should be maintained.

Keywords

• Menstrual cycle
• periodontal health
• gingival index.