Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine (Jul 2020)
Comparison of Patient Susceptibility Genes Across Breast Cancer: Implications for Prognosis and Therapeutic Outcomes
Abstract
Shira Peleg Hasson,1 Tehillah Menes,2 Amir Sonnenblick1 1Oncology Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; 2Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelCorrespondence: Amir Sonnenblick Email [email protected]: Hereditary breast cancer syndromes affect a small (10– 15% of cases) but significant group of patients. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most familiar and well-studied genes associated with inherited breast cancer. However, mutations in the high-penetrance genes, TP53, PTEN, CDH1, MSH1, MLH1, MSH6, PMS2, PALB2, and STK11, and in the moderate-penetrance genes, CHEK2, ATM, and BRIP1, also correlate with high lifetime risks of breast cancer and other malignancies as well. Advances in breast cancer genetics have led to an improved perception of diagnosis and screening strategies. The specific considerations and challenges involved in treating this unique population have become a fertile ground for research. Indeed, these genes and downstream molecular pathways have now become potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer patients, including those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. This review describes the variety of hereditary breast cancer genes, from their molecular origins to the prognosis and multidisciplinary clinical decision-making processes. Key publications and other reported recent clinical trials and guidelines are provided.Keywords: breast cancer, BRCA, TP53, PTEN, CDH1, Lynch syndrome
