New hopes and challenges in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma

Chuanwei Yang; Chuanwei Yang; Xiaohui Ren; Xiaohui Ren; Yong Cui; Yong Cui; Haihui Jiang; Ming Li; Ming Li; Kefu Yu; Shaoping Shen; Shaoping Shen; Mingxiao Li; Xiaokang Zhang; Xiaokang Zhang; Xuzhe Zhao; Xuzhe Zhao; Qinghui Zhu; Qinghui Zhu; Xingyao Bu; Song Lin; Song Lin; Song Lin

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1438001

Frontiers in Immunology (Feb 2025)

New hopes and challenges in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma

Chuanwei Yang,
Chuanwei Yang,
Xiaohui Ren,
Xiaohui Ren,
Yong Cui,
Yong Cui,
Haihui Jiang,
Ming Li,
Ming Li,
Kefu Yu,
Shaoping Shen,
Shaoping Shen,
Mingxiao Li,
Xiaokang Zhang,
Xiaokang Zhang,
Xuzhe Zhao,
Xuzhe Zhao,
Qinghui Zhu,
Qinghui Zhu,
Xingyao Bu,
Song Lin,
Song Lin,
Song Lin

Affiliations

Chuanwei Yang: Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
Chuanwei Yang: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Xiaohui Ren: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Xiaohui Ren: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Yong Cui: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Yong Cui: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Haihui Jiang: Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
Ming Li: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Ming Li: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Kefu Yu: Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Shaoping Shen: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Shaoping Shen: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Mingxiao Li: Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
Xiaokang Zhang: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Xiaokang Zhang: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Xuzhe Zhao: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Xuzhe Zhao: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Qinghui Zhu: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Qinghui Zhu: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Xingyao Bu: Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
Song Lin: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Song Lin: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Song Lin: National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1438001
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 16

Abstract

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Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) confined to the central nervous system. Most of the patients eventually develop relapsed/refractory (R/R) PCNSL, and the overall prognosis for PCNSL remains dismal. Recently, gene sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and single-cell sequencing platforms have provided a large amount of data revealing the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and drug resistance in PCNSL, including the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in tumor cells, tumor heterogeneity, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Advances in molecular pathology studies for PCNSL have led to identifying new therapeutic targets and developing novel drugs. New therapeutic strategies, such as creating small molecule targeted agents, immunomodulatory drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, have brought new hope for patients with PCNSL, especially for R/R PCNSL. This review presents recent advances in the treatment of PCNSL, reviews and discusses the efficacy and challenges of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, and provides an outlook on the future development of PCNSL treatment strategies.

Published in Frontiers in Immunology

ISSN: 1664-3224 (Online)
Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Medicine: Internal medicine: Specialties of internal medicine: Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Website: http://journal.frontiersin.org/journal/immunology

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