Monohexosylceramides from Rhizopus Species Isolated from Brazilian Caatinga: Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Their Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Activities
Edson Rodrigues Vieira,
Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva Xisto,
Milagre Américo Pele,
Daniela Sales Alviano,
Celuta Sales Alviano,
Eliana Barreto-Bergter,
Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki
Affiliations
Edson Rodrigues Vieira
Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Ambientais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife 50050-590, PE, Brazil
Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva Xisto
Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
Milagre Américo Pele
Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Ambientais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife 50050-590, PE, Brazil
Daniela Sales Alviano
Laboratório de Estrutura de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
Celuta Sales Alviano
Laboratório de Estrutura de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
Eliana Barreto-Bergter
Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki
Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Ambientais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife 50050-590, PE, Brazil
Monohexosylceramides (CMHs) are highly conserved fungal glycosphingolipids playing a role in several cellular processes such as growth, differentiation and morphological transition. In this study, we report the isolation, purification and chemical characterization of CMHs from Rhizopus stolonifer and R. microspores. Using positive ion mode ESI-MS, two major ion species were observed at m/z 750 and m/z 766, respectively. Both ion species consisted of a glucose/galactose residue attached to a ceramide moiety containing 9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine with an amidic linkage to a hydroxylated C16:0 fatty acid. The antimicrobial activity of CMH was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria using the agar diffusion assay. CMH from both Rhizopus species inhibited the growth of Bacillus terrae, Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) and Pseudomonas stutzeri (P. stutzeri) with a MIC50 of 6.25, 6.25 and 3.13 mg/mL, respectively. The bactericidal effect was detected only for M. luteus and P. stutzeri, with MBC values of 25 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the action of CMH on the biofilm produced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was analyzed using 12.5 and 25 mg/mL of CMH from R. microsporus. Total biofilm biomass, biofilm matrix and viability of the cells that form the biofilm structure were evaluated. CMH from R. microsporus was able to inhibit the MRSA biofilm formation in all parameters tested.
