Association Involving Possible Sleep Bruxism, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms in Brazilian University Students: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the association regarding sleep bruxism (SB), depression, and stress in Brazilian university students. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a large-sample of university students (n = 2,089) in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to classrooms to evaluate socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Possible SB was detected by self-report according to the International Consensus on The Assessment of Bruxism Criteria (2018). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to assess depression and stress symptoms respectively. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression analyses were performed. The prevalence of possible SB, high level of stress, and depressive symptoms in the sample were of 20.4%, 16.6%, and 16.6% respectively. Stress in female students was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of possible SB, but not in male students. Regarding depression, the prevalence of SB was 28% higher in students with depressive symptoms. Students with stress or depression had a 35% higher prevalence of SB than those without any symptoms.

Keywords

• sleep bruxism
• depression
• stress
• University students
• young adult