CERVICAL DYSTONIA: HISTORICAL AND MODERN ASPECTS (REVIEW)

Abstract

Dystonia is hyperkinesis characterized by involuntarily repetitive muscle contractions in one or more body areas. It leads to the appearance of a pathological posture and disruption of arbitrary movements. This definition is the most common, but not completely exhaustive, because of the phenotypic polymorphism of the disease. There is not unitary methodology for epidemiological research. Also the disease clinical symptoms are very polymorphic. These reasons make the results of the study incomplete and inaccurate. Implementation mechanism of dystonic hyperkinesia is still insufficiently studied. At the present time the disease multifactorial nature is the leading hypothesis whereby the genetic determinacy can be realized under the influence of exogenous factors. The diagnosis of the cervical dystonia is clinical and sets on the manifestations of the pathological posture of the head and neck. The disease begins at the active working age and proceeds with the functional deficit formation leading to difficulties of domestic and professional nature. This leads to psychological, social dysaptation and disability of patients. The proven effective treatment for the cervical dystonia is the use of botulinum toxin of type A (the grade of recommendation A).

Keywords

• цервикальная дистония
• эпидемиология
• мультифакториальность
• классификация
• ботулинотерапия