How Ice Mapping Can Help Manage and Prevent Ice Jams: Remote Sensing Monitoring of the Saint-François River, Québec

Abstract

We focus on the Saint-François River (Quebec), which is known for recurrent ice jam-induced floods. This study addresses monitoring deficiencies and proposes solutions by presenting a comprehensive large-scale ice cover monitoring approach using diverse remote sensing tools for managing ice-jam risks effectively on this watercourse. We achieved three sub-objectives: (1) gathering spatial characteristics of the ice jam by acquiring images during the ice jam with an RGB camera-equipped drone; (2) mapping river ice using radar and optical images; and (3) river segmentation based on the dominant ice process. The methodological approach integrates data remotely sensed before and during the ice jam event, employing various tools. By comparing remote sensing methods with traditional monitoring, we underscore the importance of spatial data acquisition in ice-jam risk management. Orthomosaic and summary maps illustrate ice evolution processes, highlighting remote sensing efficacy in discerning hydro-meteorological events and emphasizing the need to target specific areas for risk mitigation. River segmentation based on the dominant ice process provides insights into freeze and thaw sequences, thereby illustrating ice evolution processes.