Critical Care (Jun 2017)

Protein S100 as outcome predictor after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and targeted temperature management at 33 °C and 36 °C

  • Pascal Stammet,
  • Josef Dankiewicz,
  • Niklas Nielsen,
  • François Fays,
  • Olivier Collignon,
  • Christian Hassager,
  • Michael Wanscher,
  • Johan Undèn,
  • Jorn Wetterslev,
  • Tommaso Pellis,
  • Anders Aneman,
  • Jan Hovdenes,
  • Matt P. Wise,
  • Georges Gilson,
  • David Erlinge,
  • Janneke Horn,
  • Tobias Cronberg,
  • Michael Kuiper,
  • Jesper Kjaergaard,
  • Yvan Gasche,
  • Yvan Devaux,
  • Hans Friberg,
  • Target Temperature Management after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM) trial investigators

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-017-1729-7
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 21, no. 1
pp. 1 – 10

Abstract

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Abstract Background We aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of S100 as an outcome predictor after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the potential influence of two target temperatures (33 °C and 36 °C) on serum levels of S100. Methods This is a substudy of the Target Temperature Management after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM) trial. Serum levels of S100 were measured a posteriori in a core laboratory in samples collected at 24, 48, and 72 h after OHCA. Outcome at 6 months was assessed using the Cerebral Performance Categories Scale (CPC 1–2 = good outcome, CPC 3–5 = poor outcome). Results We included 687 patients from 29 sites in Europe. Median S100 values were higher in patients with a poor outcome at 24, 48, and 72 h: 0.19 (IQR 0.10–0.49) versus 0.08 (IQR 0.06–0.11) μg/ml, 0.16 (IQR 0.10–0.44) versus 0.07 (IQR 0.06–0.11) μg/L, and 0.13 (IQR 0.08–0.26) versus 0.06 (IQR 0.05–0.09) μg/L (p < 0.001), respectively. The ability to predict outcome was best at 24 h with an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.77–0.83). S100 values were higher at 24 and 72 h in the 33 °C group than in the 36 °C group (0.12 [0.07–0.22] versus 0.10 [0.07–0.21] μg/L and 0.09 [0.06–0.17] versus 0.08 [0.05–0.10], respectively) (p < 0.02). In multivariable analyses including baseline variables and the allocated target temperature, the addition of S100 improved the AUC from 0.80 to 0.84 (95% CI 0.81–0.87) (p < 0.001), but S100 was not an independent outcome predictor. Adding S100 to the same model including neuron-specific enolase (NSE) did not further improve the AUC. Conclusions The allocated target temperature did not affect S100 to a clinically relevant degree. High S100 values are predictive of poor outcome but do not add value to present prognostication models with or without NSE. S100 measured at 24 h and afterward is of limited value in clinical outcome prediction after OHCA. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01020916 . Registered on 25 November 2009.

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