An update on the work-up and management of ankle fractures: A literature review

Abstract

Our understanding of the management of ankle fractures has significantly improved in recent years. Computerized axial tomography and better biomechanical insights have renewed the underlying concepts for both diagnosis and treatment. Notwithstanding, some aspects of the management of malleolar fractures still lack consensus. This review aims to update concepts on the study and management of ankle fractures. Stability, radiological studies, computerized axial tomography, management of associated ligament injuries (deltoid ligament and syndesmosis), and posterior malleolus fractures are covered in the article. The authors’ opinions and the evidence are discussed for each question.

Keywords

• ankle fractures
• diagnostic imaging
• operative surgical procedure
• tibiofibular ankle syndesmosis
• bimalleolar equivalent fractures